Don't even need to look at "Other societies". Not like we (westerners) are some sort of inherently evil locusts that magically just dropped out of the sky 100 years ago. We all come from societies that have existed and evolved over thousands of years. So it wasn't always about infinite turbo charged growth. In actual fact GDP growth as a really focused measure only really is a post WWII phenomenon.
Right - and industrialisation and technology brought billions out of poverty and a feudal way of life, we can't deny that. Capitalism does one thing very well - maximise production and distribution of "scarce resources" as the economists tell us. But externalities are not really external to the biosphere.